Arc-lamp.



R. FLEMING & C. A. B. HALVORSON, JR.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION map JUNE 19. 1913.

1,136,593, Patented Apr. 20, 1915.

'2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Witnesses: Inventors filchard' Flemln W Cromw ll A.B.l-ialvor%on J12, [-2 4 b. #f/OM Their DIttorneg.

R. FLEMING & c. A. B. IHYALYOBSON, JR.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19' I913.

Patented Apr. 20, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Inventors: Richard Fleming,

ABHalvorson .Jn,

Their fittorneg.

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RICHARD FLEMING, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, AND GROMWELL A. B. HALVORSO-N, JR", OF SAUG-ZUS, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A

CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ABC-LAMP.

Patented Apr. 20, 1915.

Original application 'fi led March 6, 1905, Serial No. 248,549. Divided and this application filed June 19,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, RICHARD FLEMING and CnoMWELL A. B. HALVORSON, Jr., citizens of the United'States, residing, respectiv ely, at Indianapolis, county of Marion, State of Indiana, and at Saugus, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Arc-Lamps, of which the following is a specification. a

This application is a division of our prior application, Serial No. 248,549, filed March 6, 1905, and the invention'relates to are lamps, and more particularly to are lamps in which the electgdes employed are of such a character that a flaming or luminous arc is obtained.

We have found that, with electrodes so arranged that the axis of the arc is vertical, as in the ordinary case, it is sometimes highly desirable to produce air currents which pass downward by the arcing surface or end of the upper electrode.

By a suitable proportioning and arrangement of parts, a down draft by the lower end of the upper electrode and an up draft along the upper end of the lower electrode is obtained. Such an arrangement tends to steady the arc atboth ends, thus rendering the light-giving are more stable.

In manyflamingarc lamps, withor Without the draft conditions above indicated, the

" electrodes are normally out of contact and the arc is established by bringing the electrodes together and then separating the same a certain definite distance. This arrangement is usually, though not always,made in lamps which are operated by constant alternating currents, and we have found that in such lamps theuse' of a compensator intermediate between the line and the lamp mechanism properis particularly useful {and itfis the employment of such compensator in cooperation with such and other 'lampsthat constitutesthesubject of this divisionalapplicati'on. The construction of thelamp, by

which the; draft conditions above indicatedare secured, is specifically} claimedv in our parent. application of which this isva diYi- In the "drawirigs i whic'li j constitute a 'l part of this specification, LFi'gHre 1 is a p61.

Serial No. 774,685.

ing and globe removed; Fig. 2 is a plan view I showing one of the clutches employed in the lamp; Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation .of the lamp shown in Fig. 1, with some of the parts removed to facilitate the understanding of the structure, and Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the compensator and circuit arrangements of the lamp.

Referring to the drawings and now particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, 1 represents the hood or top member of the lamp. The hood or top member comprises a horizontal portion 2 from the lower end of which a tubular extension 3 projects. Means, such as the pulley 4, of insulating material, are carried from the upper side of the horizontal portion by which the lamp may be supported. The tubular extension has openings 5 formed in its upper end for a purpose hereinafter set forth. A shell 6, having its upper end flared, is supported from the extension 3 in such manner that air currents may pass between its inner surface and the outer surface of the extension 3. The upper end of the shell 6 terminates slightly above the lower end of the aperture 5. A shell member 7 surrounds the horizontal portion 2 of the member 1, to which it is secured by screws 8.

The lower end of 1 the tubular extension'3 is threaded internally and a tubular member or pipe section 9, externally threaded, is screwed into the lower end of the extension 3. A dish-shaped hood 10 is secured to the upper end of the tubulanmember 9 just below the end of the extension 3, a threaded aperture being centrally formed in the member 10 in which the member 9 is screwed.

The lower end of the member 9, which is externally threaded; has screwed upon it an internally threaded hollow member 11. The

member 11 is provided with ahorizontally extending flange portion 12 which'is circular in outline. The flange portion 12 forms the lower platform of the lamp.-

Against the lower-end'of the lower portion the member 11, which is "bell-shaped, is secured a chambered member 13. In the of an annular member 14 bearing against the lower end of the member 13 and secured to the lower end of the member 11 by screws or bolts 15 which are threaded into ears 16 formed on the member 11. Suitable 'means, such as washers 18, formed of insulating material, are employed to insulate the members 11 and 13 from each other. A tubular member or part 19, which may be formed integrally with the body 13, passes diametrically through the latter. The outer shell of the member 13 is apertured at the ends of the tubular part or member 19.

An opening 20 axially located with respect to the outer wall of the member 13, the member 11 and the member 9, is formed in the upper side of the member 19. An electrode casing or tube 21, which may be formed out of sheet metal, is axially placed in the members 9 and 11. .The upper end of the tube is about on a level with the upper end of the member 9. The lower end of the tube 21 projects into the opening 20 and is secured in fixed relation to the part 19 by a screw 22 passing through a tubular boss 23 projecting from the upper side of the part 19. From the under side of the part 19 a cylindrical flange portion 24, concentric with the shell 21, projects downward. A ring or electrode guide portion 25 may, if desired, be connected to the flange 24 by ribs, though it is frequently dispensed with.

The upper electrode 27 of the lamp slides in the shell 21, which, with the member 19, forms a receptacle for the electrode in which the body of the electrode is protected from the heated gases passing through the chimney. The upper end of the electrode 27 is secured in any suitable manner, as by means of spring clips or the like, to a follower weight 28, which in turn is connected to the upper and closed end of the shell or member 21 by a flexible conductor 28. The lower end of the electrode 27 which projects out of the lower end of the shell 21 passes through the ring or guide 25. A clutch member 29, provided with an electrode engaging portion 30,

is employed for intermittently securing the' electrode 27 in fixed relation to the tube 21 as the conditions of service demand in a manner hereinafter described. The clutch- 29 in the construction illustrated is located in the bore of the part 19 and has one edge supported by lugs 29 from the part 19. The lower electrode 35 of the lamp, which is in axial alinement with the electrode 27, is secured at its lower end in a socket part 36 carried by a bracket 37 secured to the lower end of a tubular member 38 which extends parallel to the electrode. The tubular member 38 slides on a rod 39, the upper end of which is secured to a bracket40 secured to but insulated from the upper end ot'the member 9 just below the hood 10. A

rod 41, parallel to the rod 39, has its upper end secured to the bracket 40 and its lower end secured to a member 42, which is secured to but insulated from the flange 12.

A tubular member 43, having its upper end secured 'in a socket part 45 carried by the member 42, projects downward to a point below the lower end of the member 13. The tubular member 43 surrounds the member 38 and serves as a guide for it. To the lower end of the member 43 is detachably secured an arm 46. The outer end of the arm 46 is formed with a threaded aperture in which isscrewed the lower end of a tubular shell or shield 47. This shield or member 47, which is formed of some good heat' conducting material, such as copper or brass, is formed with an aperture in which the electrode 35 has a sliding fit. The vertical position of the member 47 may be adjusted by screwing it up or down in the threaded socket in the arm 46.

A cross-head 50 is secured to the upper end of the member 38. The cross-head is formed with an aperture or slot through which the rod 41 passes. The cross-head can thus slide upon the rod 41 and serve to prevent angular displacement of the electrode 35 about the line of movement of the member 38. A flexible conductor is employed to electrically connect the bracket 40 and the cross-head 50.

Upper and lower clutches in cotiperative relation with the member 38 are located above the flange or platform 12. The yoke member 51 of the lower clutch which surrounds the member 38v is provided with a pivoted pawl 52 normally held in position to lock the lower clutch to the member 38 by a helical spring'53. The lower end of the spring 53 is secured to the outer end of the pawl 52 while ,the upper end is secured to the bracket 40. The yoke member 54 of the upper clutch, which also surrounds the member 38, has pivoted to it a pawl 55. The outer end of the pawl 55 loosely surrounds ashort neck or stem 56 which connects the upper end of the outer member of a dashpot 57 to the lower end of an armature 58. The armature 58, which is U- shaped, is provided with two similar upwardly extending legs '59. Each leg 59 passes axially into the corresponding one of a air of vertically disposed magnet coils 6d The magnet coils 60 are secured in any suitable manner to the tubular member 9. In order to strengthen the action of the magnet coils upon the armature, a stationary U-shaped core 61 has its downwardly projecting ends extending into the upper ends of the coils'fiO. A bow-shaped spring 62 secured to the upper side of the yoke member of the armature 58 ".rves to prevent a violent engagementebe ween the armature 58 and the lower ends of the coils 60 when energized in a manner hereinafter.

described.

a certain predetermined upward movement of the clutch yoke 51 further upwardjlmovement of the yoke will cause the member 64 to be lifted to cause the clutch 29 to release ported from the member the electrode 27 and allow it to move downward under the action of its weight and that of the followers 28. In the position shown in Fig. 1, with the clutch member 51 down,-

there is no engagement between the extension 63 and the cross pin 65, and the clutch member 29 is held by its own weight and that ofthe member 64 in the position in which it looks the electrode 27 in fixed relation to the tube 21.'

v A solenoid magnet coil 70, withits axis vertically disposed, is secured to the member 9 in any suitable manner, as by means of screws 71 which pass through extensions from the end pieces 72 of the magnet. An outwardly turned portion from the extension of the lower end piece 72 formsa bracket 72 upon which a contact piece 73 is supported. The contact piece 73, which may be in the form of a short section of a carbon pencil, is insulated from the bracket. A movable armature or core passes axially into the bore of the coil 70. The lower end of the armature carries a contact member 74, which may also be in the form of a section of carbon pencil. WVhenthe coil 70, which is in series with the are between the electrodes 27 and 35, is not energized by theproper current, the contact member 74 engages \and rests on the contact 73, but, when the coil is operatively energized, the contact 74 is held out of engagement with the contact member 73 as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. I I

The lamp construction shown inFigs. 1,

'3 and 4 is primarily intended for Qperation with alternating current. When the alternating current for operating the lamp comes from a constant current system, we employ in accordance with'our invention aic ompensato'r or auto transformer 75, which is'sup- 9 by brackets in any suitable manner.

memberlo in'theus ual manner as by'screws 78. T-he lower endof' the'casin'g 77 closely embraces the periphery of the flange1'2. This casing serves to protect the lamp mechanism located BetWee'nthehood-IO and theplatfor-m 1 2. Suitable apertures 79 guarded by T ng 77 "shung from the hood a shield 80 are providedfor admitting air for ventilating purposes to'the interiorof'tlie casing. An annular'extension from the'oas: ing 77 is secured .to the lower end of the latter. The lower end of the'extension' 81',

which flares outward, has secured to it two toothed members 82. A disk-shaped member 84 is secured against the lower surface of the member 14 by screws 85, which are screwed into openings in cars 86 formed for the purpose on the member 14.) The diskshaped member 84 is formed with an-aperture 87 which registers with the opening in the member '13. A globe -90 inclosing the electrode 35 is held against the under side of the outer edge of the member 84 by bails or hooks 91 carried by a collar92 secured to the upper end of the globe 90. Each of the bails 91 hooks overone of the teeth on the corresponding toothed member 82. In order to get a tight joint between the upper end of the globe 90 and the member 84, a gasket or washer 93 of any suitable material may be *employed.

In Fig. 4, we have. shown a diagram of the compensator and circuit arrangement which we employ in operating our lamp from a constant alternatmg current clrcuit. In the diagram, 95 and 96 represent the lamp terminals which are connected into the external circuit. Conductors 97 and 98 connect the terminals 95 and 96 respectively to the pointsv 99 and 100 in the windinglOl of the compensator 75. One terminal of the coils 60,

which are connected in series with each .other, is connected to the line 97 at the point 102. The other terminal of the coil 60 is connected to the contact member 74. The contact member 73 is connected to the conductor 98 by a conductor 103. One end of the efiective portion of the winding 101. is connectedto the electrode 35 by a conductor 104. The other end of the effective portion of' the compensator winding is connected to one of the terminals of the winding of the magnet 70 by'conductor 105. The other terminal of the winding of the coil 70 is connected to the electrode 27.

In the out-of-service condition of thelamp.

which is shown in Fig. 1, the coils 60 are deenergized and the armature. '58 is in its lowest position, theelectrodes 27. and 35 bee ing separated. Similarly the windingof the coil v70 is 'deenergized and the contacts 73 and '74 are in engagement.- "On connect ing the lamp in circuit,.currentj begins to flow through the circuit whichiincludes the conductor 97,-windin gs of ithecoilv 60, conta'ctmembers '74: and 73, conductor=103 and conductor 98.- This causes the armature58 to be elevated." The elevation of the armature 58 causes the electrode-35 to'bexraised through the action iof the upperclutch on the tubular "member. Asthe tubular member 38 is moved upward, the lower clutch -member will, under action of the spring 53, move with it until the pawl 52 engages a stop 52' adjustably secured to the rod ll, after which further upward movement of the member 38 will not produce a corresponding movement of the lower clutch member. As the lower clutch member approaches the upward limit of its movement, the cross-pin is engaged and'the clutch member 29 operated to'release the upper electrode which thereupon starts to fall into engagement with the lower electrode. When the electrodes 35 and 27 come together current begins to flow between them through a circuit which includes the entire compensator winding 101, conductor 104, winding of the coil 70, electrodes 27 and 35 and conductor 105. The passage of current through the coil 7 0 causes the armature to be raised, thus separating the contacts 74 and 73 and opening the circuit through the coils 60.

In the ordinary case in which a portion of the lower electrode has been consumed since the preceding feeding operation, the member 38 is pulled through the yoke 51 of the lowerelutch member far enough at each feeding operation to compensate for the electrode consumption since the previous feeding operation before an operative contact is established between the two electrodes and sufficient current flows through the windings to cause the separation of the contact members '73 and 7. As soon as the circuit through the coil 60 is broken by the separation of the contact members '74 and 73, the electrode 35 begins to descend under the action of gravity, thus drawing an arc between the two electrodes. The dashpot 57 is arranged so as to offer no resistance to the upward movement of-the armature 58, but to prevent a rapid downward movement of the armature, thus insuring a separation of the electrodes slow enough to prevent a rupture of the arc. Itrwill, of course, be understood that after a small initial 'downward mov'ement of the electrode 35, the lower clutch holder moves out of engagement with the cross-pin 65 and the upper electrode is locked in the tube 21 by the clutch member 29. The downward movement of the lower electrode is checked and the length of the arc struck limited by the engagement of the pawl 52 with a stop 52 formed on the member 42. It will thus be observed that the length of the arc struck after each feeding operation is equal to the play of the pawl 52 between the upper and lower stops 52-- arid 52", respectively, and is independent of the electrical condition of the lamp.

With the compensator connected as shown in Fig. 4, the voltage between the terminals 95 and 96 is, of course, materially less than the voltage of the arc and the currents in 5 the primary and secondary windings of the compensator vary inversely. The use of the compensator in the manner described is of particular utility where one of the electrodes, for instance the upper one, is composed of or contains some material like titanium carbid. With such an electrode the arc current is usually materially lower than that of the 'manner described, the lamp operates without feeding until the upper electrode is consumed to such an extent that, in the wandering of the are, its upper end plays upon the ring 25. When this occurs, rectification of the arc current begins to take place and the arc resistance becomes abnormally high. This either causes the arc to break or reduce the current in the secondary winding of the compensator to such a value that the magnet coil 70 is no longer operatively energized. The contact members 73 and 74 then engage, closing the circuitthrough the coils 60, whereupon the feeding operation of the lamp is repeated.

As the air about the arc in the globe 90 becomes heated by the arc, an ascending current is set up which passes through the draft tube or chimney formed of the member 13, member 11, member 9 and the projection 3 to the atmosphere through the apertures -5. It will be observed that the chimney thus formed is practically unimpeded and extends from the arc to the top of the lamp and is of the maximum length possible in a lamp of the given dimensions. The air moving out of the chamber or globe 90 by slow natural draft through the chimney is replaced by rapidly moving air entering the globe through the tubular member or portion 19. The flange member 24 and concen-, tric ring 25 form an annular contracted nozzle through which the contracted entering air currents pass downward along the lower end of the upper electrode and the arc extending therefrom in the form of an envelop, shell or tubular body of cool rapidly moving air. This moving body of air which has greater velocity than the upward current through the wide unimpeded chimney serves to centralize the are, particularly its upper end. With this arrangement, the general upward movement of air in the globe and chimney causes an upward movement of air'by the upper end of the lower electrode, thus in effect creating an upwardly movable shell or envelop of air surrounding the upper end of the lower electrode.

When the electrode containing the lightproducing salt or salts is formed wholly or largely of titanium carbid, a tendency to 1,1se,toa

d disintegration of the arcing end of the electrode is produced" by the heat of the are.

.Bfy forcing a comparatively powerful draft 001 air by the arcing end ofthe electrode, as in the arrangement shown in the drawings, this tendency toward disintegration is practically done away with..

from the lower electrode and thereby 10 lamp, or for other urposes, a collar 38 is.

placed about the r 38 between the member 42 and the yoke of the lowerclutch member; An operating rod 38" connected at its upper end to the collar 38? extends downward through openings formed for the pur-v pose in themembers 42 and 14. .By moving the operating rod 38" upward, the clutches will be forced up into the position in which the pawl of the lower. clutch engages the upper stop 51, in which position the, rod

38 is released from both clutches and may be lowered. 4

While in the preceding descriptive matter and in the drawings we have described and illustrated the best forms of our invention now known to us, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many changes may be made in the form of our invention without departing from "its spirit, and we do not W1Sh the claims hereinafter made to be limitedby the embodiment shown and described record of'thecase in the PatentOflice.

[SEAL-1 I Signed and sealed this 18th day of May, D., 1915. I

more than is made necessary by the state of the'lart. I

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1s:--

1. In an arc damp for use in a constant current system, a compensator having its .prlmary winding connected in the constant.

current system, a secondary winding the 'terminals of which are connected to the electrodes, a windin .in shunt around the pri-- mary winding 0 the compensator for feeding the electrodes, and a device in series with the electrodes for opening the shunt circuit .when the are between the electrodes carrie a current of normal strength. I 2. In an arc lamp for use in a constant current system, a compensator having its primary winding connected in the constant current system, a secondary winding the terminals of which are connected to the electrodes, a magnet and mechanism controlled thereby for feeding the electrodes, and a magnet winding in series with the electrodes for controlling the mechanism controlling magnet.

In witness whereof, RICHARD FLEMING has hereunto set his hand this 11th day of June, 1913; and CROMWELL A. B. HALvoR- soN, J r., has hereunto set his hand this 16th day of June, 1913.

RICHARD FLEHING- 'Witnesses to Fleming:

E. G. Cox, T.. B. ERIE. I Witnesses to Halvorson:

JOHN A. MCMANUS, Jr., HENRY A. ANnEnsEN. I

It is hereby certified'that in Lette'rs Patent No. 1,136,593, granted April 20, 1915, upon the application of Richard Fleming, of Indianapolis, Indiana, and Cromwell A. B. Halvorson, j r. of -Saugus, Massachusetts, for an improvement in Arc- I iamps, an error appears in the printed specification requiring; correction as 7 follows: Page 5, line 46, for the word fdamp read lamp; and that the said Letters I Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same, may conformto the R. F. .WHIITEHEAD, 'Acting Commissioner of Patmtc. 

